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Gingko Biloba |
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Gingko Biloba usually called as “Gingko” also called as Maidenhair Tree is a unique species of tree. This tree is classified as Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family Ginkgoaceae, genus Ginkgo and is the only extant species in its own group. This tree is one of the best living examples of a living fossil. For many centuries it was believed that this tree will extinct in the wild but it has been found that it grows in about at least two small areas included in the in Zhejiang province in Eastern China, in the Tian Mu Shan Reserve. In these areas the Ginkgo trees can be tended and preserved by Chinese monks for over 1000 years.
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It has always remained uncertain about the relationship between the Ginkgo to other plant species. Since the seeds of Ginkgo are not properly protected by an ovary wall it is also considered as a gymnosperm. The female Ginkgo trees produce some apricot like structure but these seeds have a shell that consists of a soft and fleshy section. The Gingko Biloba is very large trees and it normally reaches up to a height of 20–35 m (66-115 feet), with some specimens in China being over 50 m (164 feet). The Gingko Biloba is provided with an angular crown and long erratic branches deeply rooted. These are resistant to wind and snow damage. The young species of Gingko Biloba are often slender and rarely branched as the tree grows the tree becomes long.
Some old species of Gingko Biloba produce aerial roots which are called as chichi or zhong-ru. The Gingko’s that form on the undersides of the large branches usually grow downwards. The Ginkgophyta fossils have been classified in the following families and species including the following:
- Baiera
- Sphenobaiera
- Eretmophyllum
- Ginkgoaceae
- Arctobaiera
- Ginkgo
- Ginkgoites
- Trichopityaceae
- Trichopitys
- Windwardia
Gingko Biloba has also been used for classifying plants having leaves or the plants that has more than four veins per segment. Another term the Sphenobaiera has been used for classifying those plants with leaves and those that have more than four veins per segment. Since its inception this plant has been cultivated in China apart from China the Ginkgo is also widely planted in Korea and parts of Japan. This tree can well be grown in any condition and situation and can face any danger with least effect one brilliant example of it can be seen in Hiroshima, Japan where four trees growing between 1–2 km from the 1945 atom bomb explosion were among the few living things in the area to survive the blast. During this brutal human action when every living being charred to death only the ginkgos, though charred, survived and were soon healthy again. The trees are alive to this day.
The tree also has some culinary uses as well as medical uses and is largely used for making medicines for various health disorders though it also has some adverse effects on health including bleeding, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and restlessness.
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